The Blue Spider Project

Is it true when you enter project management, you either go up the organization or out the door? Yes that is the truth, because there are only two places you can go from program management, namely up to the organization or out the door. There are only very few engineers who failed in program management and permitted to return to the project. In real life, failing managing a project means you will get fired in most cases. In this case the project manager should count himself lucky of getting back his job as an engineer.Is it possible for an executive to take too much of an interest in an R&D project? Yes it is possible, but it is more important that the project manager concentrates more on the administrative work. If the influence of an executive is suppressing individuality of the competent team members it will be too much of an interest, because every team member should have the possibility to contribute in their own way.Should Paul Evans has been permitted to report information to Gable before reporting it to the project manager? In the one hand he has to report to him every morning with the raw data results of the previous days, but in the other hand Paul Evans himself thinks that Gable might manipulate them, because he thinks this is his own project. In most cases this should not be allowed because the information can be used against the project manager. It would be a better solution that the project manager should be informed at first if the information might strongly influence the project.Is it customary for the project manager to prepare all of the handouts for a customer interchange meeting? Yes of course, it is necessary because every one of them want a copy of all handouts to be presented at last 3 days before. Furthermore it is essential for them, because they want to scrutinize the data. Furthermore it is necessary for them to make the right decisions and avoid mistakes. The most recommended thing for a project manager is to write the minutes on his own because he can be sure that nobody is interpreting any decision or discussion in a wrong way afterwards. Gary must take in consideration that all administrative work is necessary and should be taken serious, because one day it might become an importance at a later stage of the project to have right decision and information by the customer.What happens when a situation of mistrust occurs between the customer and contractor? If there is a situation of mistrust, raising the frequency of interchange meeting from one meeting per month up to one meeting per week is important. But the negative thing of this change is the huge amount of paperwork. Meetings could also be postponed which leads to a time delay. Furthermore, to improve the interchange of information between the contractor and the customer, the contractor should place some stuff to the company of the customer.Should a project manager ever censor bad news?The project manager has to report about the performance. Insufficient performance will provoke a negative reaction of a project sponsor. We think a project manager should deliver almost all the facts as soon as possible and as objectively as possible. There are three possibilities of controlling the performance and to have an overlook of a work package. First the green traffic light, which means, everything is on the right way. Then there is the orange traffic light which tells the project manager to talk to the project team first, to find possible solutions for the problems. An least the red one, which leads to an report from the project manager to the upper management to get help.Could the above- mentioned problems have been resolved if there had been a singular methodology for project management in place? It is a tricky task to select the most suitable project management methodology due to the fact that there are a few dozens of factors that should be considered. There is no good or bad methodology only the most suitable one. I believe that the mis sing communication and the violation of protocol were the main reasons for the above mentioned problems. Some methodologies could be the crystal method and waterfall method.The crystal method focuses on communication, while the waterfall method focuses on the protocol issue. However, the  above mentioned problems would not occur if there was a good communication between the responsible people. A project manager who can communicate thoroughly and effectively with his team, his customer, and his company leadership will go far. He will have a higher degree of customer satisfaction. His team will be better engaged and understand what is expected of them. So in this case study the project manager is one of the people to be blamed.Can a singular methodology for project management specify morality and ethics in dealing with customers? If so, how do we then handle situations where the project manager violates protocol? When it comes to project management, ethics which are defined as the m oral values and beliefs, are extremely important in gaining the support of the project team and customers. It is so much easier to point the fingers at one person. However, ethically no person should be singled out for the project failure. A methodology called PRINCE might lead to more objective evaluation and assessment of project. But with the addition that it only helps the responsible people to handle ethnics and is not doing the whole job for them.A singular methodology cannot specify morality and ethnics in dealing with customers. Could the lessons learned on success and failure during project debriefings cause a major change in the project management methodology? Reflecting experience is an element of the final project report with the explicit objective of knowledge transfer for future projects. This report has to be compiled by the project manager and includes conclusions and recommendations in the sense of summarizing what can be improved in future projects. The blue spider project will not benefit a lot from the debriefing because the mistakes had already been done and the project finished. But the project manager Gary and his team could use this knowledge in order to choose a new project management methodology and learn from their mistakes.

Essay on Human Behaviour and Social Norms

Running head: HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND SOCIAL NORMS Do social norms influence human behaviour? Human behaviour is the response to given stimuli, which are socially and environmentally affected. This response is something that can easily be influenced and shaped through many personal, situational, social, biological, mental factors. In this essay the case of social norms influencing human behaviour will be analyzed using previous studies. Social norms are part of a larger influential scale generally named as social influence.Social influence is the exercise of power that an individual or a group can use on other individuals or society in order to alter their attitudes, behaviours and lead them to a desired direction. Social influence has as an outcome three different behavioural patterns, which are conformity, compliance and obedience. All of them will be discussed, but especially conformity and compliance, which mainly include the influence of social norms on behaviour (Franzoi, 2009; Cia ldini & Goldstein, 2004).Firstly, conformity in general is the action to adapt with the behaviour of the rest of the people due to perceived group pressure. Practically, this means that the way people dress, entertain themselves, protest, work, eat, go on vacations, disclose themselves and substantially anything an individual can occupy himself, is formed by group’s direction and tendencies because the majority of people, if not all of them, try to socialize and be accepted by their society in any possible way.This phenomenon is called conformity and it is an ambiguous question if independence, which indeed is a reality, exists anyway. This happens because people voluntarily direct their independence towards society’s preferences and tendencies in order to feel that they belong somewhere and they have a particular social identity (Franzoi, 2009). The second factor of influence is the compliance and it is has to do with the public and clear acceptance of one’s pe rson to act according to given social direction by the indicated social power. However, compliance can be divided into internal and external.This means that a person can comply with a situation either because someone else indirectly forces him or either because he believes he should act like this. For example, if someone asks his friend to lie in order not to have problems with parents (e. g. cover a sneaking out) but he does it in the name of friendship even if he does not really want it, this is a clear example of external force making you to comply. Internal compliance is the opposite state where personal beliefs and attitudes force you to do something without having any external pressure to do something.This issue is very important because in the case of external compliance, social norms are in a great influential position in contrast to internal compliance where personal beliefs mainly take place on the decisional process (Franzoi, 2009). On the other hand obedience is the tota l performance of a given order by social power without any resistance against it or trial to sustain independence. Social power is the available social sources through social acceptance and social status that a person or a group of people can have in order to exercise persuasion and give motivation to make people change or fulfill their requests.Consequently, these three parts of social influence represents the levels of personal accordance to social patterns, authoritarian or not. Specifically, it can be noticed that the level of individual’s independence sets if a situation is more about conformity (unconscious but voluntary acceptance of the norms), or compliance (internal or external acceptance) or obedience (total accordance to social power) (Cook et al. , as cited in Franzoi, 2009; Franzoi, 2009). Focusing more one the aspect of conformity and the influence of social norms, there are specific factors that affect conformity and levels of social norms’ influence on it.These factors can be situational, personal and cultural. Situational factors can be group size, group cohesiveness, and social support. Group size is important because as Asch (1955) found, the larger the group, the bigger the phenomenon of conformity due to social norms. Group cohesiveness makes the group to have greater bonds due to similarity and ability to easily show empathy to each other (Christensen et al. , 2004) and social support is noticed to groups with higher levels of cohesiveness and bonding. On the other hand, there are personal factors ffecting the type of conformity such as self-awareness (ability to understand own self), self-presentation (try to present ideal self in order to conform), personal control (desire to feel that one has control, as a human right, over particular situations) and gender (gender differences- women are more likely to conform) (Franzoi, 2009). Based on all the previously referred material, conformity is totally driven by social norms, n orms that are not written but sometimes are more powerful than law; the way that a person conforms to society affects the level and type of his compliance to society’s requests.For example, if a person has as personal characteristic not to like altering his self-image/ presentation based on society’s preferences due to his intense belief in independence, it is possible that this person will comply more difficult because of external motivation instead of internal. On the other hand, this means that if a person has an internal compliance only to smile to people who knows and not to anybody else due to his belief, this will affect the way that he conforms to the social norm of smiling to people in general in order to be kind.This shows how social norms can affect conformity and consequently compliance and the other way around, respectively. Furthermore, people have a tendency to create and maintain meaningful relationships with other people because they need socializing a s human beings, which is called as affiliation. Affiliation is a good example of internal compliance. This motivation makes the compliance to socializing and dedicating energy and time on building relationships, an internal acceptance for personal growth (Franzoi, 2009; Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).Nevertheless, there is the issue of how and when external compliance to social norms such as stereotyping occurs. In particular, Bargh and Chartrand (1999) did a study on automaticity of behaviour and found that when people are unconsciously pre-occupied with e. g. stereotyping words, even if they believe that stereotyping is wrong, they are likely to stereotype because they unconsciously externally comply with the given stimuli. Stereotyping is a form of social norm. People may stereotype in order to protect themselves; for example, filthy aggressive people on the street may be perceived as thieves or criminals.So there are two outcomes on this example. One person may believe that the app earance cannot indicate anything about personal characteristics but in the end he conforms to the social norm and try to avoid him as the other people around him do (external compliance). On the other hand, one may truly believe that these kinds of people are definitely criminals because he might have a bad experience in the past so he avoids him due to his belief (internal compliance to the social norm of avoiding this kind of people) (Franzoi, 2009; Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004; Bargh & Chartrand, 1999).Rimal and Real (2005) did a study on how perceived norms affect human behaviour with college students in order to investigate intentions to alcohol consumption. They proposed the theory of normative social behaviour that includes three mechanisms: injunctive norms (such as social approval), outcome expectations (such as personal benefits) and group identity (such as similarity). Their hypothesis was that these three mechanisms are able to moderate the influence of social norms on the human behaviour. Indeed, their results showed that these normative mechanisms could predict the intention of alcohol consumption to college students.Consequently, this study is a clear answer to the question whether social norms affect human behaviour. In addition, Rivis and Sheeran (2003) did a study on Theory of planned behaviour in order to find out whether added descriptive norms can be good predictors of human behaviour in the particular model. Their results showed that younger participants and health risk behaviours are greatly related to stronger correlation between intentions of behaviour and descriptive norms; confirming that behaviour is affected by norms.As a conclusion, the general point of view in all these theories and facts is that social norms affect human behaviour through the state of conformity and compliance. Substantially, the intentions of behaviour can be affected either implicitly or explicitly. People conform to the society in order to be accepted and compl y with various social norms that conformity requires through implicit/internal or explicit/external way. Even if personal and situational factors may influence the level of compliance and conformity, people constantly comply with various requests either due to personal beliefs or due to accepting other’s personal beliefs.Word count: 1. 440 References Asch, S. E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 31-35. Bargh, J. A. , & Chartrand, T. L. (1999). The unbearable automaticity of being. American Psychologist, 54, 462-479. Christensen, P. N. , & Rothberger, H. , & Wood, W. , & Maltz, D. C. (2004). Social norms and identity relevance: A motivational approach to normative behaviour. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1295-1309. Cialdini, R. B. , & Goldstein, N. J. (2004).Social influence: Compliance and conformity. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 591-621. Franzoi, S. L. (2009). Social psychology (5th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill. Rimal, R. N. , & Real, K. (2005). How behaviours are influenced by perceived norms: A test of the theory of normative social behaviour. Communication Research, 32, 389-414. Rivis, A. , & Sheeran, P. (2003). Descriptive norms as an additional predictor in the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis. Current psychology, 22, 218-233.

Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 10

September 4, 1864 Midnight. Too late to fall asleep, too early to be awake. A candle burns on my nightstand, the flickering shadows foreboding. I am haunted already. Will I ever forgive myself for not finding Rosalyn until it was too late? And why is she –the one I vowed to forget–still on my mind? My head is pounding. Cordelia is always at the door, offering drinks, lozenges, powdered herbs. I take them, like a recuperating child. Father and Damon glance at me when they think I'm asleep. Do they know of the nightmares? I thought marriage was a fate worse than death. I was wrong. I was wrong about so many things, too many things, and all I can do is pray for forgiveness and hope that somehow, somewhere, I can summon strength from the depths of my existence to step firmly onto the path of the right again. I will do it. I must. For Rosalyn. And for her. Now I will blow out the candle and hope for sleep–like that of the dead –to engulf me quickly†¦. â€Å"Stefan! Time to get up!† my father called, slamming my bedroom door. â€Å"What?† I struggled to sit, not sure what hour it was, or what day it was, or how much time had passed since Rosalyn's death. Day faded into night, and I could never really sleep, only doze into terrifying dreams. I wouldn't have eaten anything, except that Cordelia continued to come into my room with her concoctions, spoon-feeding them to me to ensure that they were eaten. She'd make fried chicken and okra and a thick mash of what she called sufferer stew which she said would , make me feel better. She'd left another one, a drink this time, on my nightstand. I drank it quickly. â€Å"Get ready. Alfred will help you prepare,† my father said. â€Å"Get ready for what?† I asked, swinging my legs onto the floor. I hobbled to the mirror. I had stubble over my chin, and my tawny hair stood up on all ends. My eyes were red, and my nightshirt was hanging off my shoulders. I looked awful. Father stood behind me, appraising my reflection. â€Å"Y ou'll pull yourself together. Today is Rosalyn's funeral, and it's important to me and the Cartwrights that we are there. We want to show everyone that we must band together against the evil that's scourging our town.† While Father prattled on about demons, I thought about facing the Cartwrights for the first time. I still felt horribly guilty. I couldn't help thinking that the attack wouldn't have happened if I'd been waiting for Rosalyn on the porch, instead of lingering in the study with Katherine. If I'd been outside, waiting for Rosalyn, I would have seen her walking from the fields in her pink dress. Maybe I could have faced death with her, too, and she wouldn't have had to confront that nightmarish animal alone. I may not have loved Rosalyn, but I couldn't forgive myself for not being there to save her. â€Å"Well, come on,† Father said impatiently as Alfred walked in, holding a white linen shirt and a double-breasted black suit. I blanched. It was the suit I'd have worn at my wedding–and the church where we were mourning Rosalyn was to have been the site of the ceremony establishing our union. Still, I managed to change into the suit, allowed Alfred to help me shave, since my hands allowed Alfred to help me shave, since my hands were so shaky, and emerged an hour later ready to do what I had to do. I kept my eyes down as I followed Father and Damon to the carriage. Father sat up front, next to Alfred, while Damon sat in the back with me. â€Å"How are you, brother?† Damon asked above the familiar clip-clop of Duke's and Jake's hooves down Willow Creek Road. â€Å"Not very well,† I said formally, a stiff lump in my throat. Damon put a hand on my shoulder. The magpies chattered, the bees buzzed, and the sun cast a golden glow on the trees. The entire coach smelled like ginger, and I felt my stomach heave. It was the smell of guilt over lusting after a woman who was never to be–could never be–my wife. â€Å"Your first death, the first one you witness, changes you,† Damon said finally, as the coach pulled up to the white clapboard church. The church bells were ringing, and every business in town was closed for the day. â€Å"But perhaps it can change you for the better.† â€Å"Maybe,† I said as I descended from the coach. But I didn't see how. We reached the door as Dr. Janes hobbled into the church, his cane in one hand and a flask of whiskey in another. Pearl and Anna were sitting together, and Jonathan Gilbert sat behind them, his elbows perched on the edge of Pearl's pew, just inches from her shoulder. Sheriff Forbes was in his usual place in the second pew, glaring at the cluster of rouged women from the tavern who had come to pay their respects. At the edge of their circle was Alice, the barmaid, cooling herself with a silk fan. Calvin Bailey, the organist, was playing an adaptation of Mozart's Requiem, but he seemed to hit a sour note every few chords. In the front pew, Mr. Cartwright stared straight ahead, while Mrs. Cartwright sobbed and occasionally blew her nose into a lace handkerchief. At the front of the church, a closed oak casket was covered with flowers. Wordlessly, I walked to the casket and knelt down in front of it. â€Å"I'm so sorry,† I whispered, touching the casket, which felt cold and hard. Unbidden, images of my betrothed popped up in my mind: Rosalyn giggling over her new puppy, giddily discussing flower combinations for our wedding, risking the wrath of her maid by planting a covert kiss on my cheek at the end of one visit. I moved my hands off the casket and put them together, as if in prayer. â€Å"I hope that you and Penny have found each other in Heaven.† I leaned down, letting my lips graze the casket. I wanted her to know, wherever she was, that I would have learned to love her. â€Å"Good-bye.† I turned to take my seat and stopped short. Right behind me was Katherine. She was wearing a dark-blue cotton dress that stood out in the sea a dark-blue cotton dress that stood out in the sea of black crepe that filled the pews. â€Å"I'm so sorry for your loss,† Katherine said, touching my arm. I flinched and drew my arm back. How dare she touch me so familiarly in public? Didn't she realize that if we hadn't been carrying on at the barbecue in the first place, the tragedy might never have happened? Concern registered in her dark eyes. â€Å"I know how hard this must be for you,† she said. â€Å"Please let me know if you need anything.† I immediately felt a wave of guilt for assuming she was doing anything other than showing sympathy. After all, her parents had died. She was just a young girl, reaching out to offer her support. She looked so sad that for one wild second, I was tempted to cross the aisle and comfort her. â€Å"Thank you,† I said instead, sucking in my stale breath and walking back to the pew. I slid next to Damon, who had his hands crossed piously over a Bible. I noticed his eyes flick up as Katherine briefly knelt down by the coffin. I followed his gaze, noticing the way several curls had escaped from beneath her hat and were curling around the ornate clasp on her blue necklace. A few minutes later, the Requiem ended, and Pastor Collins strode up to the pulpit. â€Å"We're here to celebrate a life cut far too short. There is evil among us, and we will mourn this death, but we will also draw strength from this death †¦,† he intoned. I covertly glanced across the aisle at Katherine. Her servant, Emily, was sitting next to her on one side and Pearl on the other. Katherine's hands were folded as if in prayer. She turned slightly, as if to look at me. I forced myself to look away before our eyes could meet. I would not dishonor Rosalyn by thinking of Katherine. I gazed up at the unfinished, steepled beams of the church. I'm sorry, I thought, sending the message upward and hoping that Rosalyn, wherever she was, heard it.

Explore strategies that nurses can adopt to challenge practice in Essay

Explore strategies that nurses can adopt to challenge practice in relation to the care of older people .Challenging Practice, S - Essay Example Within the healthcare sector, the care of older adults is often filled with discriminatory practices, mostly in relation to the fact that they are no longer productive members of society and that their life expectancy is low (Katz, et.al., 2012). It is therefore common to witness the negative approaches that healthcare givers manifest towards older adults. The government through the Department of Health also believes that these patients are too old to engage in health promotion strategies (NMC, 2008). In general therefore, these older adults are often subjected to abuse in the health care system. Under these conditions, I have discovered the importance of reporting the abuse and neglect of these patients. This topic shall assess strategies that nurses can adopt in order to challenge practice in relation to the care of older people. I chose this topic because I want to increase my knowledge in effective ways, to challenge the practice and in turn, improve the services offered to these patients. Health inequalities include age discrimination, budget cuts for older adult care, neglect, as well as not being treated with dignity and respect (NMC, 2008). The Nursing and Midwifery Code (2008) specifies that older adults must not be discriminated against in their healthcare; instead, they must be treated with dignity and respect. ... This paper shall now explore the strategies that nurses can adopt to challenge practice in relation to the care of older people. Body In the effective management of elderly adults, relevant leadership theories include the trait theory, situational-contingency theory, and the transformational theory (Taylor, 2009). The trait theory discusses how leaders are often born with the traits they need in order to be good and effective leaders. Moreover, this theory also suggests that there are specific personalities and behaviour which make the person a good leader (Taylor, 2009). Qualities like assertiveness, confidence, intelligence, as well as sociability are therefore essential skills allowing natural leaders to emerge (Curtis, et.al., 2011). Leaders are born, according to the trait theory and specific behaviour and qualities in individuals are needed in order to ensure effective leadership (Curtis, et.al., 2011). Another theory relevant in nursing leadership is the situational-contingenc y theory. Based on this theory, leaders evaluate specific situations and their actions would be based on these situations they face (Bolden, et.al., 2003). Under these conditions, the situation, the leader, and the follower are part of the theory. For situational leadership, there is a recognition of the fact that there is no single type of leadership which can work for every situation or person, and that leadership is based on the specific qualities of the situation (Taylor, 2009). In some cases, an autocratic leadership may work well, especially under emergency conditions; however, in other instances, the more democratic style of leadership may work better. Finally, transformational theory may also apply

Research paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research paper - Assignment Example Market is about influencing mindsets of people so that the market share increases. This hypothesis calls for a measure of difference between variables. It’s like carrying out a research on income levels per gender and then running analysis to try to understand the difference in means income between males and females. The research uses secondary data and not primary data. The research attributes are sub-divided into non-overlapping sub-groups, factors, which area analyzed and presented together for a better understanding of the topical issue. The use of primary data is always encouraged as it results into tangible results which can be used to develop binging decisions unlike the secondary data. However, secondary data might be used in cases where the research study is not a new phenomenon and a researcher wants to build on assertions by other writers. The hypothesis developed and the research objectives are hand in hand. The use of data to influence mindsets so as to ensure proper understanding of migration benefits. Data collection was done by compiling the information from reports. The best thing for this research study to attain the required scientific rigor would have been to collect the data using any of the research tools i.e. questionnaire, interview or observations. But in this case, collecting information would have been expensive and may be it was not factored in the research study budget. The best method to sample the population would have been stratified random sampling where the population would be sub-divided into non-overlapping sub-groups. And then do a random sample from each stratum. This would be applied since the population being targeted is not homogenous but heterogeneous. A simple random sampling could only be used in case the population had the same traits. The results from this analysis could be used to centrally to explain the formulated hypothesis since the data represents the real situation and also since the data has both

Personal Philosophy of Leadership Development Assignment

Personal Philosophy of Leadership Development - Assignment Example A leader is different from a manager. Qualities define a leader. These qualities are inborn and it means leaders are born. Skills that a person acquires make him or her manager. This means that not all managers are leaders. Leadership means service to the people. A leader is a servant to the people he leads. He is bestowed with the responsibility of bettering the lives of his or her followers. Leadership development is useful to individuals who aim at improving their leadership skills. Leadership development is important as it creates a passion in leaders to lead their followers and serve them accordingly. This paper articulates my personal philosophy of leadership development and my development as a leader. Unique qualities characterize a leader. First leaders must possess character. Actions define character. Leaders understand that success is founded on character. An ideal leader possesses strong character, which assures the people he leads, that he will provide success. First impressions create lasting impression. A leader has to seal the deal with a first impression. Charisma does it for first impressions. Making others feel good is the best way of having charisma. A leader has to be courageous. People cannot put their trust in a coward. Courage builds confidence, and self-confidence is leadership at work. An ideal leader has focus. Focus entails prioritizing important factors and concentrating on them to accomplishment. Priorities without concentration gets nothing done, resulting to no progress. Concentration without priories limits growth and progress.

International and National Relief Efforts - BHS412 Module 4 - Case Essay

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Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

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The New Testament Essay Example for Free

The New Testament Essay The Book of Matthew is the first book of the New Testament, traditionally attributed to Saint Matthew. The purpose of the book was to show that Jesus was the Jewish Messiah, or deliverer, but that his ministry was spiritual and not political. Most Biblical scholars believe that Matthew was derived from the Gospel of Mark and a now- lost book of the sayings of Jesus. The Introduction (1:1-4:16) gives the genealogy of Jesus and tells of his birth, infancy, and preparation. The second division (4: 17-16:28) includes the Sermon on the Mount and deals mainly with the public ministry of Jesus. The third division (17: 1-20:34) deals mainly with Jesus’ private ministry with his disciples and stresses the requirements of true discipleship. The fourth division (21: 1-25:46) tells of the entry into Jerusalem and the events of the last week of Jesus. The final division (26:1-28:20) tells of the last evening with the disciples, the Crucifixion of Jesus, and His Resurrection. Mark The Gospel of Mark is the second book of the New Testament. The book, shortest of the four Gospels, was probably written by Saint Mark himself. Most scholars believe it was the first Gospel to be written and was the basis for both Matthew and Luke. According to Papias, a second- century bishop, the author of Mark drew largely from the reminiscence of Peter, but it is now assumed that he used other sources as well, both written and oral. He probably wrote in Rome, about 67 A. D. Many scholars believe that Peter’s death, presumedly in 64 A. D. , motivated Mark to record what had been told by Peter. The Gospel of Mark was written in colloquial Greek, in a vigorous, dramatic style. It presents Jesus Christ as a man of action and power who performed miracle and other mighty deeds, a human being and yet the Son of God. Mark says nothing about the birth and boyhood of Jesus. The Gospel has three divisions. The first (1:1-8:26) begins with the preaching of John the Baptist and his Baptism of Jesus, reports many parables and miracles, and tells of conflicts with the religious leaders. The second section (8:27- 10:45) stresses the coming crucifixion. The third section (10: 46- 16:8) tells of the final week in Jerusalem and relates the story of the Crucifixion of Jesus and His Resurrection. Many scholars believe that the end of the Gospel (16: 9-20) was not a part of the original writing, since these verses are not found in some early manuscripts. Luke The Gospel of Luke is the third book of the New Testament. The Gospel of Luke is generally attributed to Saint Luke. This book, which has been called the most beautiful ever written, tells of the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. Luke records the famous birth story, which ends with the adoration of the shepherds. The Gospel according to Saint Luke presents the teachings of Jesus as a message of universal salvation for all men everywhere. Luke has a strong humanitarian emphasis and shows a deep sympathy for the poor and weak. The Gospel stresses the importance of prayer and the power of the Holy Spirit. Many scholars believe that the Gospel of Luke is derived from the Gospel of Mark and a lost source of the sayings of Jesus. John The Gospel of John is the fourth book of the New Testament. Traditionally this book I attributed to John the Apostle. As a gospel the books tells the â€Å"good news† of the teachings and life of Jesus Christ. The Gospel of John is more a spiritual book and less a biography than the other gospels. Its purpose is to promote belief and faith in Jesus. It emphasizes the divinity of Jesus and deals with many theological issues. According to tradition, the books was written about 90- 100 A. D. in Ephesus by John the Apostle. Acts The book of Act was written by Saint Luke. The date of the writing is uncertain, but most scholars favor the period 8-90 A. D. At the beginning of the book the author states his purpose and that is to explain to Theophilus, and to the world, how Christianity arose and began its sweep across the earth. By this time Christianity appeared to be on the way to becoming a world religion, and some account of its beginning was needed so that it might appeal to cultured and learned people. It talks about the Day of Pentecost, empowered by the Holy Spirit; the apostles take the Good News of Jesus Christ throughout the Mediterranean world. The title is misleading, for Acts is not a record of all the original disciples of Jesus. The book gives the early history of Christianity from Christ’s ascension outside Jerusalem to Paul’s visit in Rome. Chapters 1-12 stress the work of Peter in Judea and nearby lands, mainly among Jews. Chapters 13- 28 tell of the far- ranging missionary preaching of Paul, mainly to gentiles. Romans Epistle to the Romans is a letter of Saint Paul and a book of the New Testament. Romans, is the longest of Paul’s letters, has been called â€Å"the first great work of Christian theology. † Summarizing his doctrine in 1: 16-17, Paul wrote that the Gospel of Christ is the â€Å"power of God unto salvation to everyone that believeth,† and â€Å"the just shall live by faith. † Men, he said, are justified by their belief in Jesus Christ. By believing in Him men find salvation, gain freedom from sin, and have a new life in the Holy Spirit. Paul wrote the letter to the Christian community in Rome about 58 A. D. He hoped to visit Rome, and apparently wrote the letter to prepare the way for his visit. Writing to a group composed of both Jews and Gentiles, Paul presented Christianity as a faith for all.

Planet formation theory

Planet formation theory Introduction Formation of the Solar System Accretion of solid bodies led to formation planetesimals protoplanets planets Planet formation is a much talked upon topic amongst scientists, although most agree with Viktor Safronovs planet formation theory. Safronov proposed the planetesimal hypothesis, which states, planets are created from dust particles which undergo collisions and stick together, eventually forming larger and larger bodies. The dust particles collide due to the gravitational forces exerted on upon the surrounding gasses by the protoplanetary disk. The protoplanetary disk is a rotating disk of matter which includes gas and dust, which surrounds newly formed stars.As the bodies increase in sizes to upwards of 1 kilometer, their own gravitational forces help them in supplementary growth into protoplanets. Another theory which tries to explain the formation of the universe was the gravitational collapse theory, which says planets form much like stars through the swift contraction of hydrogen clouds in the nebula. Although this theory provides a model of the creation of the universe, it does nt fit the available data, and cannot explain the creation of terrestrial-mass planets. 1 1 http://www.deepfly.org/TheNeighborhood/7c3-Evolution.html Terrestrial inner planets vs. Outer giant gaseous planets Our solar system consists of 8 planets, which orbit around the sun. The four inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Theses planets are composed of heavier elements such as Iron, Silicon, Magnesium, Sulphur, and Nickel, as such they are all terrestrial planets. The four outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. They are composed of lighter elements, mostly consisting of Hydrogen and Helium. The differences between the outer gaseous planets and the inner terrestrial planets can all be explained by the theory of accretion and of the activity of the protoplanetary disc. Accretion is the process by which debris and dust are joint together through collisions due to gravitational forces within the protoplanetary disc. Findings show that gaseous components of begin to dispel soon after the star birth, and the nebula is fully depleted within just several million years. As such in many cases, accretion would take place at a greater rate than the depletion of gases, al lowing protoplanets of critical mass about 10 times that of Earth, to form within this time. Outer gas giants are formed within the ice line of the solar system where there is a high concentration of ice and gases allowing many collisions to place and as such create a planet of large critical mass. On the other hand, Terrestrial planets form much slower than gaseous planets, since they are composed in the ice line, a region which give little orbital space and mostly rocky and metallic materials. Their slow accretion rates are due to the fact that this region does not possess as much ice and gasses as the other regions. After the process of accretion, protoplanets of sizes of several hundred kilometres are formed, and these planets face many more collisions, eventually becoming Terrestrial planets. 1 1http://www.deepfly.org/TheNeighborhood/7c3-Evolution.html Formation of planetary rings Planetary rings are rings of dust, rocks, and other small particles orbiting around a planet in a flat circular motion, as seen in figure 1. These planetary rings are found in the four outer gaseous planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. A prime example of this would be the ever famous rings of Saturn. The source of particles for these planetary rings can be traced back to the numerous collisions of Icy planetesimals which caused fragmentations and so bring forth many smaller pieces. Although the real mystery which plagues the minds of scientists, is how the material which make up these enormous rings were brought to their present position inside the gravitational radius of the planets. This process may have been different for every ring system. For instance, Jupiters rings are to be in a mature state, with balance between the loss of particles, and the production of new ones, supplied from the planets inner moons. On the other hand, scientists are divided over their beliefs o n how the rings of Saturn were formed. Some believe the rings are remnants of the protoplanetary process, whiles others believe the rings have just come into existence only several million years ago. 1 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/553008/solar-system/242067/Formation-of-ring-systems Asteroid belt, between , Mars and Jupiter Asteroids are small irregularly shaped bodies of material composed of rocks and metals, which rotate the sun in a region between Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids are also known as Small Solar System Bodies (SSSBs), along with other irregular shaped materials such as comets. One theory suggests that asteroids are the remains of a larger protoplanet which faced a cataclysmic collision resulting in its numerous partitions, yet this theory fails to explain why there are exactly so many asteroids in the asteroid belt. Therefore scientists widely consider the following as the correct hypothesis on the creation of the asteroid belt. It is believed that asteroids are the remnants of protoplanetary matter formed by the protoplanetary disc, which can be seen by the immense number of asteroids in our solar system. Asteroids are leftover since they were within the immense gravitational radius of Jupiter, causing them to undergo destructive collisions, and even at times slinging them at a course beyon d the gravitational energies of our solar system. Therefore, no planetesimals could be formed and thus, the rocky matter remains continuously orbiting the sun.1 http://www.solstation.com/stars/asteroid.htm Formation of Earths moon We as humans need the moon. For it is the Moon`s orbit around the Earth that gives our planet a stable rotation, preventing polar shifts, which could lead to catastrophic results in global climate. Some scientists even believe the moon was a fundamental factor in the evolutionary cycle of life on earth. This is because the moon is of the main causes of Tides on Earth, and these very tides were a fundamental factor in the migration of amphibians into coastal regions, and eventually onto land. 2 Approximately 4.5 billion years ago, around the time of Earth`s formation, other protoplanetary bodies were also growing. At one point a protoplanetary body hit the Earth, sending massive amounts of debris into outer space, as seen in figure 2 (below). This debris started orbiting the Earth and eventually amassed into the moon. This theory is widely accepted since it is able to explain why the moon is not composed of an iron. The moon does not contain an iron core since, at the time of the coll ision the Earth had already depleted all of the Iron into its core, and the protoplanets iron core fused with the Earth`s core, thus only rocky matter rid of all iron was released into space. Secondly, the Earth and the moon share the same isotope composition, which can only be if the moon were formed from material from the Earth. Other theories which tried to explain the formation of the moon are the following. First, it was proposed that the Moon is a separate planetary body which formed around Earth, and went into its orbit, yet this theory failed to explain why the moon contains a core that lacks iron. Second, it was hypothesized that the moon formed elsewhere in the solar system at a place with little iron, and was gravitated into an orbit around earth, but this theory could not justify the fact that the moon`s oxygen isotope composition was the same as Earths. Third, it was proposed that the Earth had spun so fast that it spun off the moon, explaining the equivalent isotope co mposition and iron-less core, yet it failed when proper calculation were done which concluded that the moons present orbit could not take place if this hypothesis were to be correct. 2 http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/moon_mechanics_0303018.html 1http://www.psi.edu/projects/moon/moon.html Unusual rotation of Uranus http://www.solarviews.com/eng/uranus.htm http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/uranus-article.html Concluding Paragraph

Typology Of Organisation And Relation To Servicescape Complexity Business Essay

Typology Of Organisation And Relation To Servicescape Complexity Business Essay The following essay critically analyses the strategic role that physical evidences play in a holistic environment, called the servicescape. The essay discusses the combination of environmental dimensions and their influence on customers and employees and how their behaviour can be mediated by the cognitive, emotional and physiological responses. This article is a practical reflection on the article by Ms. Mary Jo Bitner in which she related the combination of environmental dimensions to the internal responses of individuals, their behaviour and the ultimate effect on the organisational objectives. The researcher also visited two restaurants for the objective of completing this essay and the findings have been presented here under. This essay will conclude by defining different ways in which the effects of a servicescape are established on the organisations outcomes. Servicescape Framework Initially, Kotler (1974) suggested that a servicescape framework is the design of buying environments to produce emotional effects in the buyer that enhance his or her purchase probability. Later, Bitner used the term to describe the physical setting in which a commercial exchange is performed, delivered, and consumed within a service organisation. In her seminal article, she demonstrated that three types of objective and measurable physical stimuli exist in an organisation and merge together to form a servicescape. She further elaborated that these stimuli could be controlled by the organisation and were able to improve or hamper both the customers and employees attitude towards the organisation. She further classified the numerous examples of such physical and derived stimuli into three dimensions of environmental stimuli (Bitner, 1992). The term has now been enhanced to include any tangible component that facilitates performance or communicates the service (Bitner and Zeithaml, 2 003). Consequently, the physical evidence can be likened to a landscape. As with any landscape of an area, it includes both the interior facilities and the exterior facilities of the organisation. The interior facilities include the interior design and decoration, the layout, equipment, air quality, signage as well as the temperature and ambience. The exterior would include facilities such as the landscape, parking, road and building signage, exterior design, and the surroundings. But the physical evidence goes on to include other tangibles such as the Stationery, brochures, business cards, employee uniforms, business reports, credit statements, and other intangibles such as webpages and blog posts. The physical environment where services are delivered and experienced by the customers plays an important part in the formation of the perceptions of the customers and their future expectations about similar services (Bitner, 1992; Baker et al., 2002; Grewal et al., 2003). Hoffman and Turley (2002) described that a lot of different organisational objectives can be achieved and enhanced through a critical examination of the servicescape. According to Bitner (1992), most organisations are invariably affected by their physical environments but to different degrees. Some service organisations such as hotels, restaurants, clubs and insurance companies are affected to a greater extent by the physical environment than other organisations such as ATMs and hot dog stands. It should be noted here that the physical environment does not just influence clients but it also has a significant impact on the employees. Bitner noted that satisfied employees generate satisfactory services that go on to satisfy customers. Therefore, the business environment should not only cater to the needs and demands of the customers but also concurrently to those of the employees. The following figure has been extracted from the original treatise by Ms. Mary Jo Bitner (1992) to describe the different types of service organisations based on the variation in the form in usage of the servicescape. The vertical aspect of the typology describes the type of organisation based on who performs actions within the servicescape. It has been categorised into a self service (customer only), interpersonal services (both customer and employee) and remote service (employee only). On one side, service is performed by the customer only in the level of employee activity is almost non-existent. The other extreme is signified by the remote service organisations where customer involvement and interaction are non-significant (in relation to the servicescape). The figure, the horizontal aspect describes the complexity of the servicescape. It has also been categorised as lean and elaborate. Lee refers to those servicescape settings where there are very few elements involved and their intricacy is minimal. Other servicescapes that are very complicated and involve a bigger mix of elements and variables are termed as elaborate. C:UsersKhalidDesktopo_c44bab260d23dc1e_002.jpg Fig. 1: Typology of Organisation and Relation to Servicescape Complexity As can be seen, some organisations such as a Golf Club are very client-oriented with huge emphasis on the servicescape. In such organisations, the servicescapes are well-developed to attract and satisfy customers. Other organisations also employing a significant emphasis on the servicescape at which are employee oriented include many professional services organisations, and here, the servicescapes are developed to satisfy the employees. On the other hand, there are organisations that do not depend a lot on the servicescape design and minimal effort is dedicated to the development of their servicescapes. However, attention is paid to whether the organisation is customer oriented or employee oriented to achieve maximum output from invested effort. As has been described, the physical setting can enhance or hinder the realization of both internal organisational objectives and external marketing goals. Thus, the servicescape can enhance or diminish customer satisfaction and employee motivation and concurrently help in attracting and maintaining customers. The overall servicescape framework consists of physical environmental dimensions which contribute to the holistic environment of the organisation. These physical dimensions, in combination, are termed as the perceived servicescape of the organisation and elicit internal responses from both employees and the customers. These internal responses contribute to both the individual behaviour of the customers and employees and their social interactions. These behaviours, in turn, contribute to the achievement of the objectives and goals of the organisation. Thus, organisations focus on achieving an optimal mix of physical environment factors and try to moderate the internal responses of both employees and customers to realize favourable behaviours and ultimately achieve the organisational objectives. Untitled.png Fig. 2: Bitners Servicescape Model The Physical Environmental Dimensions Bitner (1992) classify the physical environment into three dimensions: Ambient Conditions: This aspect of the physical environment refers to the conditions surrounding employees and customers that can be sensed through the human five senses. These are the general conditions of the environment of the organisation and include temperature, voice, odour, air quality, et cetera. The conditions are usually prominent when they are extreme (either very cold or hot), the customer spends a lot of time in the environment, and they do not match his expectations. Spatial Layout And Functionality: These refer to the seamless layout of the organisation, especially equipment and furnishing, which is used to achieve maximum productivity in the most efficient and effective manner. These environmental conditions are most noticeable in self service settings and in circumstances where tasks are complex and there is little time to achieve them. Signs, Symbols, Artefacts And Branding: These refer to the signage, icons and signals that amplify the message from the organisation to the intended customers. They also include the personal artefacts of the employees and staff members in the style and colour of the decor used to furnish the organisation. These are most important when repositioning a service, forming first impression, and when communicating new service ideas. They are also highly essential in highly competitive organisations where they are used to differentiate and achieve uniqueness from the competition. Internal Responses to the Servicescape Internal responses of both employees and customers in service organisations to the physical dimensions of the surroundings are classified as cognitive, emotional, and physiological. As such, these responses elicit overall behaviour of the participants in the servicescape and this behaviour can be classified as a function of the internal responses to the perceived servicescape. In fact, perceptions of the servicescape are the real reason that causes certain beliefs, emotions and physiological feelings that influence behaviours. Cognitive responses: Cognition refers to beliefs and as such, these responses influence peoples beliefs both about the place, and the people and products found in that place. These responses include general beliefs, categorisations and assigning symbolic meanings to different objects to employees and customers. Emotional responses: According to Mehrabian and Russell, the emotion-eliciting qualities of an environment can be described along two dimensions; the pleasure-displeasure quality and the degree of arousal that place can elicit. These two dimensions describe peoples emotional response to the environment of the organisation. Typically, the environment of any organisation can be located on these two dimensions. Research has shown that predictions about behaviour along these two dimensions are usually accurate. For example, environments that make people happy and cause them to enjoy themselves are likely to be places where people spend most of their time and money. In contrast, people usually avoid places that cause feelings of displeasure. Similarly, environments that cause arousal will usually be the places that people usually inhabit. Physiological responses:

The Glass Ceiling Phenomenon :: Business Management Studies

The Glass Ceiling Phenomenon ‘The Glass Ceiling’ is a barrier to prevent women rising to the highest positions in an organization as a result of informal exclusionary practices (cited in Giddens 2002, pg, 552). These practices include sexual harassment, sexual discrimination and pregnancy discrimination. Explanations for the ‘glass ceiling’ phenomena derive from the stereotype of women into traditional roles. Many men still carry the attitude despite living in this modern day and age that women are not capable of higher managerial roles and that their place rightfully belongs at home along with the house-hold chores. There is also the point that many corporate firms think twice before employing women for the top position, in terms of their level of commitment, for it is inevitable that every woman will want to have a child at some point in their life. However maternity leave is viewed upon as an expense in terms of money and the valuable time that is wasted in order to fill the vacant position. The organisational structure is another barrier that women have to contend with for it is evident that most firms are male dominated and huddle together when it comes to after work social activities, thus leaving the woman to feel as an out cast. An article published in The Guardian 25/09/2002 backs ‘The Glass Ceiling’ phenomena as it shows that women are still not making it to the top of their professions, despite thirty years of equal opportunities policies in the public and voluntary sectors. While there may be some women higher up in management it can be argued that these are just ‘token’ positions so that the corporate management cannot be accused of discrimination. Those few who are successful in making it are then dealt the blow of being paid substantially less

Uzbekistan: Economy :: essays research papers fc

Overview:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 11% consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of its population lives in densely populated rural communities. Uzbekistan is now the world’s second largest cotton exporter, a large producer of gold and oil, and a regionally significant producer of chemicals and machinery. The IMF suspended Uzbekistan’s $185 million standby arrangement in late 1996 because of government steps to the negative external conditions generated by the Asian and Russian financial export and currency controls within its already largely closed economy. Economic policies that have repelled foreign investment are a major factor in the economy’s stagnation. A growing debt burden, persistent inflation, and a poor business climate led to disappointing growth in 2001. However, in December 2001 the government voiced a renewed interest in economic reform, seeking advice from the IMF and other financia l institutions (World 7). After independence, Uzbekistan tried to support inefficient state enterprises and shield consumers from the shocks of rapid economic reform. These policies eventually led to severe inflation and an economic crisis. Reforms brought inflation down to manageable levels and small businesses began to grow. Larger institutions are seeking joint ventures with international corporations. However, currency and trade restrictions remain too tight to encourage significant foreign investment. Falling global gold, copper, and cotton prices also hurt the economy. A privatization program is slowly being implemented with international support. Privatization is necessary to raise hard currency and promote economic development (Republic 4). GDP: purchasing power parity—$62 billion (2001 est.) GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$2,500 (2001est.) GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 33% industry: 24% services: 43% (2001 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 23% (2001 est.) Labor force: 11.9 million (1998 est.) Labor force—by occupation: agriculture 44%, industry 20%, services 36% (1995) Unemployment rate: 10% plus another 20% underemployed (1999 est.) Budget: revenues: $4billion expenditures: $4.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.1 billion (1999 est.) Industries: textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, natural gas, and chemicals Industrial production growth rate: 3.5% (2000) Electricity—production: 40.075 billion kWh (2000) Electricity—production by source: fossil fuel: 86.95% hydro: 13.05% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) Electricity—consumption: 4189 billion kWh (2000) Electricity—exports: 4.1 billion kWh (2000) Electricity—imports: 5 billion kWh (2000) Agriculture—products: cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock Exports: $2.8 billion (2001 est.) Exports—commodities: cotton 41.5%, gold 9.6%, energy products 9.6%, mineral fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles, food products, and automobiles (1998 est.) Exports—partners: Russia16.7%, Switzerland 8.3%, UK 7.2%Ukraine, Eastern Europe, Western Europe Imports: $4.1 billion (1998)

Wireless Power Transfer

IntroductionWe can non conceive of modern universe without power and twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, the use of power is increasing, but utilizing it in the most effectual manner is the biggest concern now. After the radical alteration in engineering site, sometimes the manner of power transportation is a weighty issue. Wireless power transmittal is necessary in instances where fleeting power transportation is needed, because sometimes semisynthetic music directors are non perfect for power transmittal in few sectors. Wireless Power Transfer ( WPT ) is a transmittal where electrical energy is transmitted from a power beginning to an electrical burden through an air spread with the aid of electromagnetic field. In last few old ages, there is a dramatic advancement in this sector but still it is in child degree. Background and aim Wireless power transmittal is a construct which was proposed by Nicola Tesla in the late 1800s.That clip it may sound futuristic, but Tesla’s did it enormously. No uncertainty research workers have found safer and more effectual methods of wireless power transportation, since Tesla ‘s cardinal check. It is called resonating inductive yoke, the most promising engineering that has been bloomed. The engineering takes advantage of moving ridge harmonics. From two spirals, wave harmonics make a strong nexus of magnetic moving ridges and vibrate it. Although the original initiation spiral was created by Nicholas Callan ( 1799-1864 ) , in 1836 a priest and the professor of natural doctrine, but Nicola Tesla’s spirals created the discovery for Wireless power transmittal. The chief point is why we want to utilize wireless engineering to route information when all the maps can be arranged with wired elements? Extinguishing reckons of overseas telegrams is the lone existent reply. Many medical equipments require a uninterrupted power beginning. If wires may set-up through someone’s organic structure, the hazard of shorting causes a hazard of infection for patients. Cell phones, earphones, game accountants, personal digital helpers ( PDAs ) and Internet contraptions all require a three to four pes single wire to utilize in the auto. Most of these wires are created an uncomfortable environment in the wire. WPT utilizing magnetic: Wireless Power transportation ( WPT ) is divided by two parts, one is near-field and another one is far-field parts. Although Radio Waves and LASER engineering are widely used for far-field part, but these are non excessively much efficient for near-field part. In near-field part, three techniques of wireless power transportation are used. Air ionisation is one of them, but it is a toughest technique and is non executable for practical execution. Other two techniques are really effectual, which are called magnetic inductive yoke and magnetic resonance inductive yoke. Magnetic inductive yoke is the most comprehensive method of wireless power transmittal. Interior designers can acquire some benefits from magnetic initiation instead than the wireless moving ridges. If modulated magnetic field is used to direct a signal through the air allows for a low-priced, low-power communications system. Radio waves communicate by distributing a plane moving ridge in unfastened infinite. On the other manus magnetic system is based on quasi-static magnetic field which is around the transmission spiral. It is based on the rule of change overing and conveying the magnetic flux ( ? ) between two spirals ( primary and secondary spirals ) which are non connected by wires. Transformer, electric coppice, radio bear downing tablets are the illustrations of magnetic initiation. But this method is impractical when it comes to reassigning power to longer distances. For such an experiment, it is needed that the spirals are excessively close to each other so that the short magnetic field is produced. When it is a affair of long distance, a immense magnetic field is needed and spirals should be multiple. Due to the flow of magnetic field in different waies, counter steps should be calculated to salvage the power loss. May be this is theoretically possible but is non possible practically. Magnetic resonance inductive yoke is the procedure which is used for longer distances power transportation. It is a combination of inductive yoke and resonance. Resonance is interacted with two objects really strongly. In this procedure capacitance is connected parallel to the spiral and spiral provides the induction. The resonating capacitances wipe out the divergent induction in the receiving system. Resonance Inductive Coupling ( RIC ) is extremely effectual than inductive yoke ( IC ) and RIC can be transfer power to multiple devices whereas inductive yoke is reassigning power to individual device. Magnetic initiation vs. Radio Waves: Magnetic initiation can keep a scope bound which is around 3 metres. On the other manus, wireless waive is non governable and range bound is minimal 10 metres or more. Related work: When Tesla spiral is invented, the thought of wireless power was unveiled. Now â€Å"WiTricity† is an American technology company, but in 2007 WiTricity was a undertaking of MIT pupils, where research workers were able to successfully light a 60 W visible radiation bulb wirelessly, which was 7ft off. At a glimpse, it is originally extended version of magnetic initiation up to a few metres. The chief difference is resonance ; if the magnetic resonance is same for transmitter and receiving system, energy can expeditiously be transferred and loss of power is really little. Using resonance is about 106 times efficient than without resonance. The frequence of resonation can be measured by the equation given below. Resonant Frequency = Coil Inductance x Capacitance The dramatic accomplishment of the MIT research squad is how to ticket tune the application so that the close field addition distances for a few metres, on the other manus restricting the power radiated through the far field. In 2008, Tesla’s experiment was rebuilt by Intel, which was wirelessly powering a light bulb. And in 2009, Sony exhibited a Television, which was wireless-powered at a scope of 20 inches. Very recent April 17, 2014 was another discovery for Wireless power transportation utilizing magnetic resonance. Chun T. Rim, a professor of Nuclear & A ; Quantum Engineering at KAIST and his squad developed a system, which can bear down 40 smart phones at the same time, with a highest end product power of 209 W at 20 kilohertz and power beginning can 5 metres off from receiving system. The name of this system is â€Å" Dipole Coil Resonant System ( DCRS ) † which is an drawn-out version of inductive power transportation. Using this system a big LED Television with 40 W-fans can be powered from maximal 5-meter distance.No uncertainty, that it is a radical accomplishment after WiTricity. Advantages 1. Wireless charging: Now inductive bear downing has promised with our nomadic devices, Electric Vehicle wholly free from cord and it protects our connexions. When electronics are enclosed, there is no opportunity of corrosion. Sometimes embedded medical devices are needed to be charged, but the hazard of infection, wires penetrate through tegument should be avoided. Durability is another benefit of inductive charging. 2. High Efficiency over a Distance: Electricity, which is created by the beginning and is extremely efficient around several metres. 3. Penetrate and Frisk Around the barrier: Power transportation system is really flexible for industrial or commercial environment. Most of the edifices are furnished by wood, glass, plastics, fabrics etc. which are non created any obstructor of transmittal system. In add-on, the system has an ability to frolic around many metallic barriers. 4. Control the scope of power degree: It is possible to accomplish commanding power degree over distance. Wireless mouse and keyboard like electronic devices need milliwatts and when it is a affair of electric rider vehicle, so it gives you kilowatts. 5. Safe for nature: Cause of magnetic near field, this engineering is wholly free from Radiative manner and that’s why it is safe for nature. Biological beings are really decrepit interact with magnetic field. The world-renowned physicist Sir John Pendry of Imperial College London explains: â€Å" The organic structure truly responds strongly to electric Fieldss, which is why you can cook a poulet in a microwave. But it does n't react to magnetic Fieldss. Equally far as we know the organic structure has about zero response to magnetic Fieldss in footings of the sum of power it absorbs † . Research Aims: Wireless coursers for Electric Vehicles ( EVs ) would be a convenient characteristic, which is given a great solution of avoid to retrieve the stopper in a power overseas telegram after parking the vehicle. Wireless bear downing for Electric Vehicles is a system necessitating high electrical power ( up to 100s of kW ) and broad country of wireless power transmittal which increases electromagnetic field exposure. There are two types of radio bear downing engineerings applicable for EVs. inductive power transportation ( IPT ) system, which is known as Decision: The Wireless Power Transmission was a legendary effort by Nikola Tesla. After 120 old ages, reproduced of Tesla’s experiment agencies, necessity of engineering can ne'er be hidden. Presently the engineering is in advancement and all the twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours research workers are seeking their best and defeated the powerful challenges. Although â€Å"WiTricity† and â€Å" Dipole Coil Resonant System ( DCRS ) † are about new engineerings, but the cardinal rule is magnetic inductive with resonance yoke. However, the most update radio power transmittal system is excessively dearly-won and immature, but the twenty-four hours is non so far when wireless power transportation utilizing magnetic is the most diacritic and sustainable option of current system. Mentions: 1 ) Sun-Hee Kim, Yong-Seok Lim, and Seung-Jun Lee, † Magnetic Resonant Coupling Based Wireless Power Transfer System with In-Band Communication† , JOURNAL OF SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, VOL.13, NO.6, DECEMBER, 2013 2 ) S. Sheik Mohammed, K. Ramasamy, T. Shanmuganantham, â€Å"Wireless Power Transmission – A Next Generation Power Transmission System† , 2010 International Journal of Computer Applications ( 0975 – 8887 ) , Volume 1 – No.13 3 ) Chun T. Rim, â€Å"Wireless power transportation achieved at 5-meter distance† hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-04/tkai-wpt041714.php 4 ) Rajen Biswa, â€Å"Feasibility of Wireless Power Transmission† , May, 2012 5 ) Wireless Power Technology hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/technology/ 6 ) Liguang Xie, Yi Shi Y, Thomas Hou,Wenjing Lou, † Wireless Power Transfer and Applications to Sensor Networks† , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA 7 ) Prof. Jenshan Lin, â€Å"Wireless Power Transmission: From Far-Field to Near-Field† , University of Florida Gainesville, Florida, USA Wireless Power Transfer IntroductionWe can non conceive of modern universe without power and twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, the use of power is increasing, but utilizing it in the most effectual manner is the biggest concern now. After the radical alteration in engineering site, sometimes the manner of power transportation is a weighty issue. Wireless power transmittal is necessary in instances where fleeting power transportation is needed, because sometimes semisynthetic music directors are non perfect for power transmittal in few sectors. Wireless Power Transfer ( WPT ) is a transmittal where electrical energy is transmitted from a power beginning to an electrical burden through an air spread with the aid of electromagnetic field. In last few old ages, there is a dramatic advancement in this sector but still it is in child degree. Background and aim Wireless power transmittal is a construct which was proposed by Nicola Tesla in the late 1800s.That clip it may sound futuristic, but Tesla’s did it enormously. No uncertainty research workers have found safer and more effectual methods of wireless power transportation, since Tesla ‘s cardinal check. It is called resonating inductive yoke, the most promising engineering that has been bloomed. The engineering takes advantage of moving ridge harmonics. From two spirals, wave harmonics make a strong nexus of magnetic moving ridges and vibrate it. Although the original initiation spiral was created by Nicholas Callan ( 1799-1864 ) , in 1836 a priest and the professor of natural doctrine, but Nicola Tesla’s spirals created the discovery for Wireless power transmittal. The chief point is why we want to utilize wireless engineering to route information when all the maps can be arranged with wired elements? Extinguishing reckons of overseas telegrams is the lone existent reply. Many medical equipments require a uninterrupted power beginning. If wires may set-up through someone’s organic structure, the hazard of shorting causes a hazard of infection for patients. Cell phones, earphones, game accountants, personal digital helpers ( PDAs ) and Internet contraptions all require a three to four pes single wire to utilize in the auto. Most of these wires are created an uncomfortable environment in the wire. WPT utilizing magnetic: Wireless Power transportation ( WPT ) is divided by two parts, one is near-field and another one is far-field parts. Although Radio Waves and LASER engineering are widely used for far-field part, but these are non excessively much efficient for near-field part. In near-field part, three techniques of wireless power transportation are used. Air ionisation is one of them, but it is a toughest technique and is non executable for practical execution. Other two techniques are really effectual, which are called magnetic inductive yoke and magnetic resonance inductive yoke. Magnetic inductive yoke is the most comprehensive method of wireless power transmittal. Interior designers can acquire some benefits from magnetic initiation instead than the wireless moving ridges. If modulated magnetic field is used to direct a signal through the air allows for a low-priced, low-power communications system. Radio waves communicate by distributing a plane moving ridge in unfastened infinite. On the other manus magnetic system is based on quasi-static magnetic field which is around the transmission spiral. It is based on the rule of change overing and conveying the magnetic flux ( ? ) between two spirals ( primary and secondary spirals ) which are non connected by wires. Transformer, electric coppice, radio bear downing tablets are the illustrations of magnetic initiation. But this method is impractical when it comes to reassigning power to longer distances. For such an experiment, it is needed that the spirals are excessively close to each other so that the short magnetic field is produced. When it is a affair of long distance, a immense magnetic field is needed and spirals should be multiple. Due to the flow of magnetic field in different waies, counter steps should be calculated to salvage the power loss. May be this is theoretically possible but is non possible practically. Magnetic resonance inductive yoke is the procedure which is used for longer distances power transportation. It is a combination of inductive yoke and resonance. Resonance is interacted with two objects really strongly. In this procedure capacitance is connected parallel to the spiral and spiral provides the induction. The resonating capacitances wipe out the divergent induction in the receiving system. Resonance Inductive Coupling ( RIC ) is extremely effectual than inductive yoke ( IC ) and RIC can be transfer power to multiple devices whereas inductive yoke is reassigning power to individual device. Magnetic initiation vs. Radio Waves: Magnetic initiation can keep a scope bound which is around 3 metres. On the other manus, wireless waive is non governable and range bound is minimal 10 metres or more. Related work: When Tesla spiral is invented, the thought of wireless power was unveiled. Now â€Å"WiTricity† is an American technology company, but in 2007 WiTricity was a undertaking of MIT pupils, where research workers were able to successfully light a 60 W visible radiation bulb wirelessly, which was 7ft off. At a glimpse, it is originally extended version of magnetic initiation up to a few metres. The chief difference is resonance ; if the magnetic resonance is same for transmitter and receiving system, energy can expeditiously be transferred and loss of power is really little. Using resonance is about 106 times efficient than without resonance. The frequence of resonation can be measured by the equation given below. Resonant Frequency = Coil Inductance x Capacitance The dramatic accomplishment of the MIT research squad is how to ticket tune the application so that the close field addition distances for a few metres, on the other manus restricting the power radiated through the far field. In 2008, Tesla’s experiment was rebuilt by Intel, which was wirelessly powering a light bulb. And in 2009, Sony exhibited a Television, which was wireless-powered at a scope of 20 inches. Very recent April 17, 2014 was another discovery for Wireless power transportation utilizing magnetic resonance. Chun T. Rim, a professor of Nuclear & A ; Quantum Engineering at KAIST and his squad developed a system, which can bear down 40 smart phones at the same time, with a highest end product power of 209 W at 20 kilohertz and power beginning can 5 metres off from receiving system. The name of this system is â€Å" Dipole Coil Resonant System ( DCRS ) † which is an drawn-out version of inductive power transportation. Using this system a big LED Television with 40 W-fans can be powered from maximal 5-meter distance.No uncertainty, that it is a radical accomplishment after WiTricity. Advantages 1. Wireless charging: Now inductive bear downing has promised with our nomadic devices, Electric Vehicle wholly free from cord and it protects our connexions. When electronics are enclosed, there is no opportunity of corrosion. Sometimes embedded medical devices are needed to be charged, but the hazard of infection, wires penetrate through tegument should be avoided. Durability is another benefit of inductive charging. 2. High Efficiency over a Distance: Electricity, which is created by the beginning and is extremely efficient around several metres. 3. Penetrate and Frisk Around the barrier: Power transportation system is really flexible for industrial or commercial environment. Most of the edifices are furnished by wood, glass, plastics, fabrics etc. which are non created any obstructor of transmittal system. In add-on, the system has an ability to frolic around many metallic barriers. 4. Control the scope of power degree: It is possible to accomplish commanding power degree over distance. Wireless mouse and keyboard like electronic devices need milliwatts and when it is a affair of electric rider vehicle, so it gives you kilowatts. 5. Safe for nature: Cause of magnetic near field, this engineering is wholly free from Radiative manner and that’s why it is safe for nature. Biological beings are really decrepit interact with magnetic field. The world-renowned physicist Sir John Pendry of Imperial College London explains: â€Å" The organic structure truly responds strongly to electric Fieldss, which is why you can cook a poulet in a microwave. But it does n't react to magnetic Fieldss. Equally far as we know the organic structure has about zero response to magnetic Fieldss in footings of the sum of power it absorbs † . Research Aims: Wireless coursers for Electric Vehicles ( EVs ) would be a convenient characteristic, which is given a great solution of avoid to retrieve the stopper in a power overseas telegram after parking the vehicle. Wireless bear downing for Electric Vehicles is a system necessitating high electrical power ( up to 100s of kW ) and broad country of wireless power transmittal which increases electromagnetic field exposure. There are two types of radio bear downing engineerings applicable for EVs. inductive power transportation ( IPT ) system, which is known as Decision: The Wireless Power Transmission was a legendary effort by Nikola Tesla. After 120 old ages, reproduced of Tesla’s experiment agencies, necessity of engineering can ne'er be hidden. Presently the engineering is in advancement and all the twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours research workers are seeking their best and defeated the powerful challenges. Although â€Å"WiTricity† and â€Å" Dipole Coil Resonant System ( DCRS ) † are about new engineerings, but the cardinal rule is magnetic inductive with resonance yoke. However, the most update radio power transmittal system is excessively dearly-won and immature, but the twenty-four hours is non so far when wireless power transportation utilizing magnetic is the most diacritic and sustainable option of current system. Mentions: 1 ) Sun-Hee Kim, Yong-Seok Lim, and Seung-Jun Lee, † Magnetic Resonant Coupling Based Wireless Power Transfer System with In-Band Communication† , JOURNAL OF SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, VOL.13, NO.6, DECEMBER, 2013 2 ) S. Sheik Mohammed, K. Ramasamy, T. Shanmuganantham, â€Å"Wireless Power Transmission – A Next Generation Power Transmission System† , 2010 International Journal of Computer Applications ( 0975 – 8887 ) , Volume 1 – No.13 3 ) Chun T. Rim, â€Å"Wireless power transportation achieved at 5-meter distance† hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-04/tkai-wpt041714.php 4 ) Rajen Biswa, â€Å"Feasibility of Wireless Power Transmission† , May, 2012 5 ) Wireless Power Technology hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/technology/ 6 ) Liguang Xie, Yi Shi Y, Thomas Hou,Wenjing Lou, † Wireless Power Transfer and Applications to Sensor Networks† , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA 7 ) Prof. Jenshan Lin, â€Å"Wireless Power Transmission: From Far-Field to Near-Field† , University of Florida Gainesville, Florida, USA

Left Brain vs Right Brain: How Does It Impact Learning

| | | | | | |The left and right hemispheres of our brain process information in different ways. We tend to process information using our dominant side. However, the learning and thinking process is | |enhanced when both side of the brain participate in a balanced manner. This means strengthening our less dominate hemisphere of the brain. In trying to differentiate between the left and | |right brain, My paper will show information processing styles that are characteristically used by our right or left-brain hemisphere. | |According to Coballis M. C (2007) The left side of the brain processes information in a linear manner. It processes from part to whole. It takes pieces, lines them up, and arranges them in a| |logical order; then it draws conclusions. The right brain however, processes from whole to parts, holistically. It starts with the answer. It sees the big picture first, not the details. If| |one is right-brained, he or she may have difficulty following a lecture unless he or she given the big picture first. That is why it is absolutely necessary for a right-brained person to | |read assigned chapter or background information before a lecture or to survey a chapter before reading. Predominantly Right-brained people have trouble outlining. They rather wrote the | |paper first and outlined later | | | |In addition to thinking in a linear manner, the left-brain processes in sequence. They love to make a list of things they need to accomplish during the day. Left brained enjoy making | |master schedules and daily planning. They complete tasks in order and take pleasure in checking them off when they are accomplished. Learning things in sequence is relatively easy for them. | | | |By, contrast, the approach of the right-brained student is random. If you are right-brained, you may flit from one tack to another. You will get just as much done, but perhaps without | |having addressed priorities. An assignment may be late or incomplete, not because you weren't working but because you were working on something else. You were ready to rebel when asked to | |make study schedules for the week. Because of the random nature of your dominant side, you must make lists, and you must make schedules. This may be your only hope for survival in college. | |You should also make a special effort to read directions. Oh yes, the mention of spelling makes you cringe. Use the dictionary, carry a Franklin speller, use the spell checker on your | |computer. Never turn in an assignment without proofing for spelling. Because the right side of the brain is color sensitive, you might try using colors to learn sequence, making the first | |step green, the second blue, the last red. Or you may want to â€Å"walk† a sequence, either by physically going from place to place or by imagining it. For the first step of the sequence, you | |might walk to the frond door; for the second, to the kitchen; for the third, to the den, etc. Or make Step One a certain place or thing in you dorm room or study place, and Step Two | |another. If you consistently use the same sequence, you will find that this strategy is transferable to many tasks involving sequence. | |Symbolic Vs. Concrete Processing | |The left brain has no trouble processing symbols. Many academic pursuits deal with symbols-such as letters, words, and mathematical notations. The left brained person tends to be | |comfortable with linguistic and mathematical endeavors. Left-brained students will probably just memorize vocabulary words or math formulas. The right brain, on the other hand, wants things| |to be concrete. The right brain person wants to see, feel, or touch the real object. Right brain students may have had trouble learning to read using phonics. They prefer to see words in | |context, to see how the formula works. To use your right brain, create opportunities for hands-on activities, use something real whenever possible. You may also want to draw out a math | |problem or illustrate your notes. | |Logical Vs. Intuitive Processing | |The left brain processes in a linear, sequential, logical manner. When you process on the left side, you use information piece by piece to solve a math problem or work out a science | |experiment. When you read and listen, you look for the pieces so that you can draw logical conclusions. If you process primarily on the right side of the brain, you use intuition. You may | |know the right answer to a math problem but not be sure how you got it. You may have to start with the answer and work backwards. On a quiz, you have a gut feeling as to which answers are | |correct, and you are usually right. In writing, it is the left brain that pays attention to mechanics such as spelling, agreement, and punctuation. But the right side pays attention to | |coherence and meaning; that is, your right brain tells you it â€Å"feels† right. | |Verbal Vs. Nonverbal Processing | |Left brain students have little trouble expressing themselves in words. Right brain students may know what they mean, but often have trouble finding the right words. The best illustration | |of this is to listen to people give directions. The left brain person will say something like â€Å"From here, go west three blocks and turn north on Vine Street. Go three or four miles and then| |turn east onto Broad Street. † The right brain person will sound something like this: â€Å"Turn right (pointing right), by the church over there (pointing again). Then you will pass a McDonalds | |and a Walmart. At the next light, turn right toward the BP station. † So how is this relevant to planning study strategies? Right brain students need to back up everything visually. If it's | |not written down, they probably won't remember it. And it would be even better for right brain students to illustrate it. They need to get into the habit of making a mental video of things | |as they hear or read them. Right brain students need to know that it may take them longer to write a paper and the paper may need more revision before it says what they want it to say. This| |means allowing extra time when a writing assignment is due. | |Reality-Based Vs. Fantasy-Oriented Processing | |The left side of the brain deals with things the way they are-with reality. When left brain students are affected by the environment, they usually adjust to it. Not so with right brain | |students. They try to change the environment! Left brain people want to know the rules and follow them. In fact, if there are no rules for situations, they will probably make up rules to | |follow! Left brain students know the consequences of not turning in papers on time or of failing a test. But right brain students are sometimes not aware that there is anything wrong. So, | |if you are right brain, make sure you constantly ask for feedback and reality checks. It's too late the day before finals to ask if you can do extra credit. Keep a careful record of your | |assignments and tests. Visit with your professor routinely. While this fantasy orientation may seem a disadvantage, in some cases it is an advantage. The right brain student is creative. In| |order to learn about the digestive system, you may decide to â€Å"become a piece of food! And since emotion is processed on the right side of the brain, you will probably remember well anything| |you become emotionally involved in as you are trying to learn. |These are just some of the differences that exist between the left and right hemispheres, but you can see a pattern. Because left brain strategies are the ones used most often in the | |classroom, right brain students sometimes feel inadequate. However, you now know that you can be flexible and adapt material to the right side of your brain. Likewise, those of you who are | |predominantly left brain know that it would be wise to use bot h sides of the brain and employ some right brain strategies. |

Evaluate strategies used in health Essay

Effects of alcohol/drugs with rehab/AA To overcome the effects of alcohol/drugs barrier to communication, there are many types of organisations available. For example, rehab is a place where individual’s will slowly learn to give up drugs and adapt to clean blood in their body. There are classes such as AA classes which help individual’s clean alcohol from their system. Alcohol and drugs can sometimes affect how an individual speaks; therefore, they might need to stop drinking and smoking to make sure they are able to do so. Going to rehab and AA classes will help individuals very well. Rehab for alcoholics and drug addicts is very helpful as it clears the individual’s system of alcohol and drugs and gets them back on track with their lives. If in individual does follow the rehabilitation programme then he/she will see that their life has more financial benefits, family life becomes better and they start seeing a difference within themselves mentally and physically. Rehab is a good strategy to help with overcoming communication issues. If an individual is beginning to notice a change with his/hers communication while drinking, then they will have to enter rehabilitation and clear themselves of the addiction. To improve I would say that sometimes individuals need more moral support, throughout their rehabilitation. Therefore I would suggest the centres allow the addicts to talk to others with the same addiction for better moral support. Language needs/preferences strategy Sometimes language can be a big barrier if an individual is by themselves in certain situations. There are many different types of methods which can be used to overcome the language barrier. Individuals can use a special dictionary which translates the word they need to say from the mother tongue to their new language. There are also recordings available for listening to use when the individual does not clearly understand the new language. Translators are also available to help those who have language as a communication barrier. The language needs/preferences strategy is also good  as it helps those who are willing/wanting to learn a new language with many resources. There are tools and other things available to help overcome the barrier of not knowing a particular language that is needed to be known. I would say that some individuals find it hard to look for specific words in dictionaries and will not understand which word is linked to which meaning. This needs to be improved, so individuals do not get overwhelmed or frustrated. Assertiveness to overcome anger Assertiveness is a type of skill which can be used by those individuals who find that anger is a big barrier to communicating effectively. When people begin to feel stressed, depressed or annoyed, they will tend to let their emotions out immediately. These can involve anger. Anger is a big barrier to communication as it can lead to relationships breaking. To control this some people develop the skill of assertion. This involves controlling the emotions which break relationships and start arguments. It involves a clear mental attitude, wherein the individual will try to discuss the situation and deal with it. Assertion is a very sensible skill to develop if you work in the health and social care sector. It will definitely help deal with any issues that arise from service users or peers. In order to over-come the barrier of anger, developing assertiveness will certainly help. Being assertive will definitely help as it will decrease the amount of anger that an individual will have as a barrier to communication. It is a good skill to adapt to as it will benefit individuals for the future. For some individuals being assertive is a good aspect to maintain, however for an overly aggressive person it will be hard for them to grasp the concept of being assertive. For this reason to improve this strategy I would say to go through a slow pace when beginning to become assertive. Defusing aggression and staying confident Stress occurs a lot in the health and social care sector. Stress can lead to many other types of symptoms and illnesses, such as aggression or a mixture of emotions. Aggression can sometimes come from frustration, with the service provided or any other cause. Individuals must learn to overcome their aggression. Developing a calmer attitude towards any frustrations will  help overcome any type of anger. Aggression might threaten care workers; however it can also cause a withdrawal attitude from the service user towards the care worker. Defusing aggression and staying confident is yet another good strategy as it presents an individual of being very impressive and striking. Defusing anger and showing confidence is a very professional aspect to maintain as it helps in all areas of health and social care work. For example if an individual is being told off for doing something wrong, defusing ones anger and staying confident will get them out of trouble and keep them positive. Defusing anger is not always the best thing to do for some people as it could lead to stress/depression, therefore an improvement could be to sort out any confusion/anger issues before carrying on with any work, ect. Interpreters, translators and signers An interpreter is a person who communicates meaning from one language to another. This includes interpreting between spoken and sign language, such as English and BSL. When an interpreter works with people they immediately become a part of a communication cycle with that person. Translators are individuals who change a recorded material from one language to another. Translating involves communicating between different languages. Interpreters and translators have to grasp the meaning of a message and find a way of expressing it in a different type of language system. This is not very simple even for the professional and best translators. Interpreters can be professional people or even a friend or family member who can translate the sentence/ phrase said into another language. These people are able to explain messages in different circumstances. This is a very good strategy as it benefits others as well as the individual who is translating. Translating is very helpful for those who cannot speak a certain language. In today’s society many individuals use translators to assist them in important activities/meetings. It is a good strategy to use to overcome barriers to communication. It could be improved a lot. For example some translators do not always know the several meanings which come with certain words. Some translators need to be certified just to ensure the individual needing help that, they are really translators and they know how to professionally translate majority of words. Hearing aids Hearing aids are electronic devices with very small microphones that pick up and increase the volume of sound received by a person. Hearing aids will often make sounds in the background much louder and clearer to hear. Due to this wearing a hearing aid will not be that helpful as you might not be able to hear anything else a part from the background noise. Hearing aids are very helpful to those unfortunate individuals who are not able to clearly/not at all hear any noises or sounds. Hearing aids amplify the sounds for individuals, which need to be heard the most. However some hearing aids do not always work to their best of ability. For this reason, the sounds/ noises which need to be heard the most importantly cannot be heard due to technical issues which come with the hearing aid itself. Voice activated software Voice activated software is a simple type of software which simply uses an individual’s voice to activate or perform a task or instruction given to a computer. This software comes in many different types such as the speech recognition software which allows individuals to say their message and then it be typed out on their computer/phone. Voice activated software is also a good software as it helps individuals who are not able to physically type or have disabilities speak for them. Voice activated software is really good as it very much benefits individuals who are less able to perform the simplest tasks, such as typing. To improve some of the softwares cannot always pick up the voices as clearly, therefore the software should be able to pick up voices clearly without any vocal strain. For example speaking louder.